The words are often used interchangeably in conversation, but they describe quite different documents. Knowing which one you hold — and which one an employer or registrar will ask for — saves a great deal of correspondence.

The diploma or testamur

The ceremonial document: a single sheet naming the award, the recipient and the conferring body. In Australia and New Zealand it is usually called a testamur. It proves the award exists; it does not list the coursework.

The transcript or academic record

The working document: a course-by-course list with credits, grades and the registrar's authentication block. Employers, licensing boards and graduate schools usually ask for this one.

The certificate

A shorter document for professional, continuing-education or honourary awards, often issued in a framed presentation format.

If you are unsure which document your situation calls for, describe the purpose to the desk and we will point you to the matching specimen and, where relevant, the official route.